Classified as MCI on SLUMS: Adjusted MortalityHazards Ratio (HR) = 1.33, p = 0.121.Adjusted SLUMS scores classified as Mild Cognitive Impairment did not significantly predict mortality and institutionalization.Classified as Dementia on SLUMS: Adjusted Institutionalization Hazards Ratio (HR) = 3.48, p = 0.01.Classified as Dementia on SLUMS: Adjusted Mortality Hazards Ratio (HR) = 2.44, p Adjusted SLUMS scores classified as dementia significantly predicted mortality and institutionalization.Of these n = 176 had died and n = 31 had been institutionalized during 7.5 year follow-up.) MMSE AUCs at maximum specificity/sensitivity SLUMS AUCs at cut-offs of maximum specificity/sensitivity The SLUMS may be better at detecting mild neurocognitive disorder compared to the MMSE. The results of this study suggest that the SLUMS and MMSE have comparable sensitivities, specificities, and area under the curve in detecting dementia. MMSE & SLUMS: Excellent convergent validity (r = 0.83).MMSE & SLUMS: Excellent validity (r = 0.75).Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N) Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N)Īppropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N) Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N) Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research: Recommendations Based on Parkinson Disease Hoehn and Yahr stage: Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group / Unable to Recommend These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.įor detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit: For example, age could also affect short-term memory and Jacobs (1887) research acknowledged that short-term memory gradually improved with age.Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. Consequently, further research is required to determine the each size of information ‘chunks’ to understand the exact capacity of short-term memory.įinally, Miller’s (1956) research into short-term memory did not take into account other factors that affect capacity. Jacobs found that the student had an average span of 7.3 letters and 9.3 words, which supports Miller’s notion of 7+/-2.Īlthough Miller’s (1956) theory is supported by psychological research, he did not specify how large each ‘chunk’ of information could be and therefore we are unable to conclude the exact capacity of short-term memory. Participants had to repeat back a string of numbers or letters in the same order and the number of digits/letters was gradually increased, until the participants could no longer recall the sequence. Jacobs used a sample of 443 female students (aged from 8-19) from the North London Collegiate School. For example, Jacobs (1887) conducted an experiment using a digit span test, to examine the capacity of short-term memory for numbers and letters. Miller’s (1956) theory is supported by psychological research. When we try to remember a phone number, which has 11 digits, we chunk the information into groups, for example: 0767…819…45…34, so we only need to remember four chunks of information and not 11 individual digits. This can explain why we are able recall items like mobile phone numbers, which contain more than 7 digits. Miller believed that our short-term memory stores ‘chunks’ of information rather than individual numbers or letters. He said that we can hold seven 'items' in short-term memory, plus or minus two. Miller (1956) published a famous article entitled ‘ The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two’ in which he reviewed existing research into short-term memory.
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